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[Jul-2024] Check your preparation for CWNP CWAP-404 On-Demand Exam

Practice Exam CWAP-404 Realistic Dumps Verified Questions

CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:

Section Objectives

Protocol Analysis – 15%
Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods – Select capture devices

  • Laptop protocol analyzers
  • APs, controllers, and other management solutions
  • Specialty devices (hand-held analyzers and custom-built devices)

– Install monitor mode drivers
– Select capture location(s)
– Capture sufficient data for analysis
– Capture all channels or capture on a single channel as needed
– Capture roaming events
Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools – Save to disk
– Packet slicing
– Event triggers
– Buffer options
– Channels and channel widths
– Capture filters
– Channel scanning and dwell time
Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions – Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets
– Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets
– Configure and display columns for analysis purposes
– View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process
– Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels
– Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures
– View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis
– Use expert mode for analysis
– View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis
Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting – WLAN scanners and discovery tools
– Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools
– Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools
Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types – Define the problem
– Determine the scale of the problem
– Identify probable causes
– Capture and analyze the data
– Observe the problem
– Choose appropriate remediation steps
– Document the problem and resolution

Spectrum Analysis – 10%
Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers – Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware
– Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions
– Understand and use spectrum analyzer views

  • Real-time FFT
  • Waterfall, swept spectrogram, density, and historic views
  • Utilization and duty cycle
  • Detected devices
  • WLAN integration views
Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues – RF noise floor in an environment
– Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal
– Sources of RF interference and their locations
– RF channel utilization
– Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications
– Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference
– Poor performing or faulty radios
Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures – Identify various 802.11 PHYs

  • DSSS
  • OFDM
  • OFDMA
  • Channel widths
  • Primary channel

– Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures

  • Frequency hopping devices
  • IoT devices
  • Microwave ovens
  • Video devices
  • RF Jammers
  • Cordless phones
Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions – AP-based spectrum analysis
– Sensor-based spectrum analysis

PHY Layers and Technologies – 10%
Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) – DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
– HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
– OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
– ERP (Extended Rate PHY)
– HT (High Throughput)
– VHT (Very High Throughput)
– HE (High Efficiency)

  • HE SU PPDU
  • HE MU PPDU
  • HE ER SU PPDU
  • HE TB PPDU
  • HE NULL data packets
Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data
Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers – Pseudo-Header formats

  • Radiotap
  • Per Packet Information (PPI)

– Key pseudo-header content

  • Guard intervals
  • Resource units allocation
  • PPDU formats
  • Signal strength
  • Noise
  • Data rate and MCS index
  • Length information
  • Channel center frequency or received channel
  • Channel properties
Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers
Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types – Supported PHYs
– Supported spatial streams

MAC Sublayer and Functions – 25%
Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation – Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU)
Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis – Management, Control, and Data frames
– MAC frame formats and contents

  • Frame Control field
  • To DS and From DS fields
  • Address fields
  • Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field

– 802.11 Management frame formats

  • Information Elements
  • Authentication
  • Association and Reassociation
  • Beacon
  • Prove Request and Probe Response

– Data and QoS Data frame formats
– 802.11 Control frame formats

  • Acknowledgement (ACK)
  • Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS)
  • Block Acknowledgement and related frames
  • Trigger frames
  • VHT/HE NDP announcements
  • Multiuser RTS
Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis – Country code
– Minimum basic rate
– Supported rates and coding schemes
– Beacon interval
– WMM settings
– RSN settings
– HT/VHT/HE operations
– Channel width
– Primary channel
– Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs
Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames

WLAN Medium Access – 10%
Understand 802.11 contention algorithms in-depth and know how they impact WLANs – Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)

  • Carrier Sense (CS) and Energy Detect (ED)
  • Network Allocation Vector (NAV)
  • Contention Windows (CW) and random backoff
  • Interframe spacing

– Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)

  • EDCA Function (EDCAF)
  • Access Categories and Queues
  • Arbitration Interframe Space Number (AIFSN)

– Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)

  • WMM parameters
  • WMM-Power Save
  • WMM-Admission Control
Analyze QoS configuration and operations – Verify QoS parameters in capture files
– Ensure QoS is implemented end-to-end

802.11 Frame Exchanges – 30%
Capture, understand, and analyze BSS discovery and joining frame exchanges – BSS discovery
– 802.11 Authentication and Association
– 802.1X/EAP exchanges
– Pre-Shared Key authentication
– Four-way handshake
– Group key exchange
– Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE)
– Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)
– WPA2 and WPA3
– Fast secure roaming mechanisms

  • Fast BSS Transition (FT) roaming exchanges
  • Pre-FT roaming exchanges

– Neighbor discovery (802.11k/v)
– Hotspot 2.0 protocols and operations from the client access perspective

  • ANQP
  • Initial access
Analyze roaming behavior and resolve problems related to roaming – Sticky clients
– Excessive roaming
– Channel aggregation for roaming analysis

 

NO.10 When performing protocol analysis, you notice a high number of RTS/CTS frames being transmitted on an HT network. You suspect this may be due to HT protection mechanisms.
Where in the Beacon frame would you look to determine which one of the four HT protection modes the AP is operating in?

 
 
 
 

NO.11 Given: The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) is a 32 CRC used for error detection.
The CRC is calculated over what?

 
 
 
 

NO.12 Which statement accurately describes IEEE 802.11 Power Save operation in a Basic Service Set that does not support the QoS facility?

 
 
 
 
 

NO.13 How does a VoIP Phone, using WMM Power Save, request data frames buffered at the AP?

 
 
 
 

NO.14 Given: Before installing a Wi-Fi network, ABC Company performed a spectrum analysis looking for problems. The 2.4 GHz RF spectrum looked like Image-A. After installing an ERP WLAN, ABC Company performed another spectrum analysis during business hours. The 2.4 GHz RF spectrum then looked like Image-B close to an AP on channel 1.

Now the 2.4 GHz RF spectrum looks like Image-C and access points and clients can no longer communicate on channel 1. What is happening on channel 1?

 
 
 
 
 

NO.15 Several users have reported WLAN network connection issues and the users connect to the same AP. These users are spread throughout a 320 square meter area. Using a spectrum analyzer, you see RF energy across the entire 2.4 GHz band at significant signal strength levels.
The users all connect using either HT or ERP devices.
What is the likely cause of this problem within this area?

 
 
 
 

NO.16 You are repairing a misconfiguration in WMM settings on an AP.
The aCWmin and aCWmax values were all changed.
What is the default aCWmax for AC_BK?

 
 
 
 

NO.17 During a VHT Transmit Beamforming sounding exchange, the beamformee transmits a Compressed Beamforming frame to the beamformer. What is communicated within this Compressed Beamforming frame?

 
 
 
 

NO.18 What is the formula used to calculate the Duration field value in an RTS frame?

 
 
 
 

NO.19 A manufacturing facility has installed a new automation system which incorporates an 802.11 wireless network. The automation system is controlled from tablet computers connected via the WLAN. However, the automation system has not gone live due to problem with the tablets connecting to the WLAN. The WLAN vendor has been onsite to perform a survey and confirmed good primary and secondary coverage across the facility. As a CWAP you are called in to perform Spectrum Analysis to identify any interference sources. From the spectrum analysis, you did not identify any interference sources but were able to correctly identify the issue. Which of the following issues did you identify from the spectrum analysis?

 
 
 
 

NO.20 How does a VoIP Phone, using WMM Power Save, request data frames buffered at the AP?

 
 
 
 

NO.21 As shown in the exhibit, a spectrum analyzer has measured both 802.11 and non-802.11 RF transmissions in the 2.4 GHz band. The exhibit shows a continuous video transmitter near channel 5.
Based upon the exhibit, what impact does the video transmitter have on WLAN operations throughout the band?

 
 
 
 

NO.22 What should the To DS and From DS flags be to set to in an Association Response frame?

 
 
 
 

NO.23 What is the function of the PHY Preamble?

 
 
 
 

NO.24 802.11k Neighbor Requests and Neighbor Reports are sent in what type of Management Frames?

 
 
 
 

NO.25 Given a protocol analyzer can decrypt WPA2-PSK data packets providing the PSK and SSID are configured in the analyzer software. When performing packet capture (in a non-FT environment) which frames are required in order for PSK frame decryption to be possible?

 
 
 
 

NO.26 What is indicated to a QoS AP when a QoS STA sets U-APSD Flag bits to 1 in (Re) Association frames?

 
 
 
 
 

NO.27 How long, in microseconds, is the required Slot Time that is announced by an AP in an HT BSS when HR/DSSS, ERP-OFDM, and HT-OFDM client stations are associated to the AP?

 
 
 
 
 

NO.28 According to the 802.11n-2009 amendment, what security requirement is specified for HT BSSs?

 
 
 
 
 

NO.29 According to 802.11-2007, in what frame type(s) might you find the PMK Count and PMKID List fields?

 
 
 
 
 

CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Certification Details:

Exam Name Wireless Analysis Professional
Sample Questions CWNP CWAP-404 Sample Questions
Duration 90 minutes
Exam Code CWAP-404 CWAP
Recommended Training CWAP self-paced training kit, Training Class
Exam Registration PEARSON VUE
Number of Questions 60
Passing Score 70%

 

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