LPI Linux Essentials Real Exam Questions and Answers FREE 010-160 Updated on Mar 11, 2024 [Q29-Q49]

010-160 Lpi

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LPI Linux Essentials Real Exam Questions and Answers FREE 010-160 Updated on Mar 11, 2024 [Q29-Q49]

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LPI Linux Essentials 010-160 Real Exam Questions and Answers FREE Updated on Mar 11, 2024

010-160 Ultimate Study Guide – 2Pass4sure

Lpi 010-160 Exam, also known as the Linux Essentials Certificate Exam, version 1.6, is an entry-level certification exam for those who want to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the Linux operating system. 010-160 exam is designed to measure a candidate’s understanding of key Linux concepts, such as system architecture, command line operations, and security. 010-160 exam also tests a candidate’s ability to perform basic tasks related to Linux, such as setting up user accounts, managing files and directories, and configuring networking.

Q29. Where is the operating system of a Raspberry Pi stored?

On the master device attached to the Raspberry Pi’s IDE bus.

On a read only partition on the Raspberry Pi’s firmware, next to the BIOS.

On a removable SD card which is put into the Raspberry Pi.

On a Linux extension module connected to the Raspberry Pi’s GPIO pins.

On rewritable flash storage which is built into the Raspberry Pi.

Explanation
The Raspberry Pi uses an SD card (or microSD card for newer models) as its main storage device. This means that the operating system and any other files are stored on the SD card, which can be easily inserted or removed from the Raspberry Pi. The SD card also allows the user to switch between different operating systems by using different cards or partitions. The Raspberry Pi does not have any internal storage, such as a hard disk drive or a solid state drive, nor does it use any external devices, such as an IDE bus, a firmware partition, or a GPIO module, to store the operating system. References:
* Raspberry Pi OS – Raspberry Pi
* Choosing Storage for Raspberry Pi – Kingston Technology
* Beginner’s Guide: How To Install a New OS on Raspberry Pi

Q30. A new server needs to be installed to host services for a period of several years. Throughout this time, the server should receive important security updates from its Linux distribution.
Which of the following Linux distributions meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Ubuntu Linux LTS

Fedora Linux

Debian GNU/Linux Unstable

Ubuntu Linux non-LTS

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Explanation
Ubuntu Linux LTS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux are two Linux distributions that meet the requirements of hosting services for a period of several years and receiving important security updates from their Linux distribution. LTS stands for Long Term Support, which means that these versions of Ubuntu Linux are supported by Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, for five years with security patches, bug fixes, and software updates1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a commercial Linux distribution that offers a stable and secure platform for enterprise applications, with a 10-year life cycle and regular security updates from Red Hat, the company behind RHEL2. Fedora Linux, Debian GNU/Linux Unstable, and Ubuntu Linux non-LTS are not suitable for the requirements, because they have shorter support cycles and are more focused on providing the latest features and software versions, rather than stability and security. Fedora Linux releases a new version every six months and each version is supported for 13 months3. Debian GNU/Linux Unstable is the development branch of Debian, which is constantly updated with new packages and changes, but is not intended for production use4. Ubuntu Linux non-LTS releases a new version every six months and each version is supported for nine months1. References:
* Ubuntu release cycle | Ubuntu
* Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life Cycle – Red Hat Customer Portal
* Fedora Release Life Cycle – Fedora Project Wiki
* Debian Unstable – Debian Wiki

Q31. Which of the following programs are web servers? (Choose two.)

Apache HTTPD

Postfix

Curl

Dovecot

NGINX

Explanation

Q32. What are the differences between hard disk drives and solid state disks? (Choose two correct answers.)

Hard disks have a motor and moving parts, solid state disks do not.

Hard disks can fail due to physical damage, while solid state disks cannot fail.

Solid state disks can store many times as much data as hard disk drives.

/dev/sdais a hard disk device while/dev/ssdais a solid state disk.

Solid state disks provide faster access to stored data than hard disks.

Explanation
The main difference between hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid state drives (SSDs) is the way they store and access data. HDDs use a spinning disk (platter) and a moving head to read and write data, while SSDs use flash memory chips that have no moving parts. This makes SSDs faster, quieter, and more durable than HDDs, but also more expensive and less spacious. HDDs and SSDs are both I/O devices that can be used to boot the system and store data, but they have different advantages and disadvantages depending on the use case.
References:
* Difference between Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and Solid State Drive (SSD)
* Hard Disk Drive (HDD) vs. Solid State Drive (SSD): What’s the Difference?
* How to Check Whether Your Disk Is an SSD or HDD on Linux

Q33. What is true about arecursive directory listing?

It includes the content of sub-directories.

It includes the permissions of the directory listed.

It includes details of file system internals, such as inodes.

It includes ownership information for the files.

Itincludes a preview of content for each file in the directory.

Q34. A directory contains the following files:

What would be the output of the followingshell script?
for file in *.txt

*.txt

a b

c.cav

A.txt

A. txt

txt

Q35. Which of the followingoutputs could stem from the commandlast?

1 ls
2 cat text.txt
3 logout

Password for user last changed at Sat Mar 31 16:38:57 EST 2018

Last login: Fri Mar 23 10:56:39 2018 from server.example.com

EXT4-fs (dm-7): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)

root tty2 Wed May 17 21:11 – 21:11 (00:00)

Q36. Which of the following commands can be used to resolve a DNS name to an IP address?

dnsname

dns

query

host

iplookup

Explanation
The host command is used to resolve a DNS name to an IP address or vice versa. It can also perform other DNS queries, such as finding the mail servers for a domain. The host command has the following syntax: host
[options] [name] [server]. The name argument can be a hostname, such as www.lpi.org, or an IP address, such as 192.168.0.1. The server argument is optional and specifies the name or IP address of the DNS server to query. If no server is given, the default system resolver is used. References:
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives: 1.4.1. Demonstrate an understanding of the purpose and types of DNS records1
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual – Chapter 10. Network Fundamentals – 10.3. DNS and Hostname Resolution – 10.3.1. The host Command2
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual – Appendix A. Answers to the Exercises – Chapter 10. Network Fundamentals – 10.3. DNS and Hostname Resolution – Exercise
10.3.12

Q37. What are the differences between hard disk drives and solid state disks? (Choose two correct answers.)

Hard disks have a motor and moving parts, solid state disks do not.

Hard disks can fail due to physical damage, while solid state disks cannot fail.

Solid state disks can store many times as much data as hard disk drives.

/dev/sdais a hard disk device while /dev/ssdais a solid state disk.

Solid state disks provide faster access to stored data than hard disks.

Q38. Which of the following commands finds all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case?

igrep linux operating-systems.txt

less -i linux operating-systems.txt

grep -i linux operating-systems.txt

cut linux operating-systems.txt

cut [Ll] [Ii] [Nn] [Uu] [Xx] operating-systems.txt

Explanation
The grep command is used to search for a pattern in a file or input. The -i option makes the search case-insensitive, meaning that it will match both uppercase and lowercase letters. The grep command takes the pattern as the first argument and the file name as the second argument. Therefore, the command grep -i linux operating-systems.txt will find all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case. References: Linux Essentials – Topic 103: Finding Linux Documentation and Linux Essentials – Topic 104: Command Line Basics

Q39. When typing a long command line at the shell, whatsingle charactercan be used to split a command across multiple lines?

Explanation
The backslash character () is used to escape the meaning of the next character in a command line. This means that the next character is treated as a literal character, not as a special character. For example, if you want to use a space in a file name, you can use a backslash before the space to prevent the shell from interpreting it as a separator. Similarly, if you want to split a long command line across multiple lines, you can use a backslash at the end of each line to tell the shell that the command is not finished yet. The shell will ignore the newline character and continue reading the next line as part of the same command.
For example, you can write:
ls -l/home/user/Documents
instead of:
ls -l /home/user/Documents
Both commands will produce the same output, but the first one is easier to read and type. References:
* Linux Essentials – Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 2.1.2
* 2.1 Command Line Basics – Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, slide 7.

Q40. A new server needs to be installed to host services for a period of several years. Throughout this time, the server should receive important security updates from its Linux distribution.
Which of the following Linux distributions meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Ubuntu Linux LTS

Fedora Linux

Debian GNU/Linux Unstable

Ubuntu Linux non-LTS

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Q41. Which of the following taroptions handle compression? (Choose two.)

-bz

-z

-g

-j

-z2

Q42. A directory contains the following files:

What would be the output of the following shell script?
for file in *.txt

*.txt

a b

c.cav

A.txt

A. txt

txt

Explanation
The shell script uses a for loop to iterate over the files that match the pattern *.txt in the current directory. The pattern *.txt means any file name that ends with .txt, regardless of the case. The loop body simply prints the value of the variable file, which holds the name of the current file in each iteration. Therefore, the output of the shell script would be the names of the files that end with .txt, one per line. In this case, the files are A.txt and b.txt, so the output would be:
a.txt b.txt
This corresponds to option E. The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:
* Option A: *.txt is not the output of the shell script, but the pattern that the loop uses to match the files.
The shell expands the pattern to the actual file names before executing the loop.
* Option B: a and b are not the names of the files, but the first characters of the file names. The loop prints the whole file name, including the extension.
* Option C: c.cav is not a file that matches the pattern *.txt, because it has a different extension. The loop ignores files that do not end with .txt.
* Option D: A.txt is only one of the files that matches the pattern *.txt, but not the only one. The loop prints both A.txt and b.txt.
References: 1: 9 Examples of for Loops in Linux Bash Scripts – How-To Geek 2 3: Looping Statements | Shell Script – GeeksforGeeks 1 4: shell – Loop through all the files with .txt extension in bash – Stack Overflow 5

Q43. Which of the following commands adds the directory/new/dir/to thePATHenvironment variable?

$PATH=/new/dir: $PATH

PATH=/new/dir: PATH

export PATH=/new/dir: PATH

export $PATH=/new/dir: $PATH

export PATH=/new/dir: $PATH

Explanation
The PATH environment variable is a colon-separated list of directories that the shell searches for commands.
To add a new directory to the PATH, you need to append it to the existing value of the variable, using the syntax PATH=new/dir:PATH. However, this only changes the PATH for the current shell session. To make the change permanent, you need to use the export command, which makes the variable available to all child processes of the shell. The export command takes the name of the variable as an argument, without the dollar sign ($). Therefore, the correct command to add /new/dir/ to the PATH and export it is export PATH=/new/dir:PATH. References:
* Linux Essentials – Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
* How to set the path and environment variables in Windows – Computer Hope

Q44. The current directory contains the following file:
-rw-r-r- 1 root exec 24551 Apr 2 12:36 test.sh
The file contains a valid shell script, but executing this file using./test.shleads to this error:
bash: ./test.sh: Permission denied
What should be done in order to successfully execute the script?

The file’s extension should be changed from .shto.bin.

The execute bit should be set in the file’s permissions.

The user executing the script should be added to theexecgroup.

The SetUID bit should be set in the file’s permissions

The script should be run using#!./test. shinstead of./test.sh.

Explanation
The execute bit in Linux is a permission bit that allows the user to run an executable file or enter a directory.
For regular files, such as scripts or binaries, the execute bit must be set for the user to run them. For directories, the execute bit allows the user to access the files and subdirectories inside. Therefore, to successfully execute the script test.sh, the execute bit should be set in the file’s permissions. This can be done by using the chmod command with the +x option, for example: chmod +x test.sh. The other options are either irrelevant or incorrect. The file’s extension does not affect its executability, only its association with a program. The user executing the script does not need to be in the exec group, as long as the user has the execute permission on the file. The SetUID bit is a special permission bit that allows the user to run the file as the file’s owner, regardless of the user’s identity. This is not necessary for executing the script, and may pose a security risk. The #!./test.sh syntax is invalid, as the #! is used to specify the interpreter for the script, not the script itself. References:
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives1, Topic 1.4: Command Line Basics, Subtopic: Basic Shell Commands
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Preparation Guide2, Section 1.4: Command Line Basics, Page 16
* Execute vs Read bit. How do directory permissions in Linux work?3

Q45. Which of the following is a protocol used for automatic IP address configuration?

NFS

LDAP

SMTP

DNS

DHCP

Explanation
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is a protocol that provides quick, automatic, and central management for the distribution of IP addresses within a network. It also configures other network information, such as the subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server information, on the device1. DHCP uses a client/server architecture, where a DHCP server issues unique IP addresses and automatically configures the devices that request them2. DHCP allows devices to move freely from one network to another and receive an IP address automatically, which is helpful with mobile devices1.
The other options are not protocols used for automatic IP address configuration. NFS stands for Network File System, which is a protocol that allows a user to access and modify files over a network as if they were on their own computer. LDAP stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, which is a protocol that provides access to a centralized directory service that stores information about users, groups, computers, and other resources on a network. SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, which is a protocol that enables the sending and receiving of email messages over a network. DNS stands for Domain Name System, which is a protocol that translates domain names into IP addresses and vice versa. References:
* Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 105.1, Weight 4
* What Is DHCP? (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) – Lifewire
* Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) | Microsoft Learn
* Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol – Wikipedia
* How does AutoIP work? – Barix
* [Network File System – Wikipedia]
* [Lightweight Directory Access Protocol – Wikipedia]
* [Simple Mail Transfer Protocol – Wikipedia]
* [Domain Name System – Wikipedia]

Q46. Which of the following commands sorts the output of the commandexport-logs?

export-logs < sort

export-logs > sort

export-logs & sort

export-logs | sort

export-logs <> sort

Q47. A directory contains the following files:

What would be the output of the following shell script?
for file in *.txt

*.txt

a b

c.cav

a.txt

a. txt

b. txt

Q48. Which of the following directories contains information, documentation and example configuration files for
installed software packages?

/usr/share/doc/

/etc/defaults/

/var/info/

/doc/

/usr/examples/

Q49. Most commands on Linux can display information on their usage. How can this information typically be displayed?

By running the command with the option /?or /??.

By running the command with the option ?!or ?=!.

By running the command with the option /docor /documentation.

By running the command with the option -hor –help.

By running the command with the option -mor –manpage.

Explanation

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Lpi 010-160: Linux Essentials Certificate Exam, version 1.6 is a certification exam that is designed to test an individual’s knowledge and understanding of the Linux operating system. 010-160 exam is aimed at beginners who are interested in learning about Linux and want to acquire a basic understanding of the system. 010-160 exam covers a range of topics, including Linux file systems, command-line interfaces, and basic security concepts.

Ultimate Guide to Prepare 010-160 Certification Exam for LPI Linux Essentials: https://www.2pass4sure.com/LPI-Linux-Essentials/010-160-actual-exam-braindumps.html